لغة إنجليزية 3
1)The public administration considered as an art it involves the use of creativity, intuition, and judgment to solve problems and make decisions.
- Public administrators must communicate effectively with diverse stakeholders, similar to how an artist must communicate their vision through their work.
-The end goal of public administration is to create a better society, similar to how an artist's goal is to create something beautiful or meaningful.
2)The public administration considered as a science , it involves the use of systematic research, data analysis, and logical reasoning to understand and address public policy issues.
- Public administration is a multi-disciplinary field, drawing from fields such as political science, sociology, economics, and management.
3)
_english:
1_Public administration:الإدارة العامة
2_art : فن
3_science:علم
4_creativity:إبداع
5_intuition:حدس
6_judgment:حكم
7_decisions: قرارات
8_systematic research:بحث منهجي
9_data analysis: تحليل بيانات
10_logical reasoning:تفكير منطقي
11_public policy: سياسة عامة
12_public management: إدارة عامة
13_infrastructure:بنية تحتية
14_customer: زبون
15_social contract: عقد إجتماعي
16_process:عملية
17_civilization: حضارة
4)
Public administration is both a science and an art. From a scientific perspective, it contains the basics of science, which are the subject, method, and theories. From a technical perspective, it is linked to experience and skill. Therefore, they can be integrated through studying them scientifically and mixing them with the artistic aspect that depends on experience.